SOC 985 (f)

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  • Microsoft Word version of final paper [here]

    As a precursor to viewing this study history, please read my Philosophy of the Syllabus Post [here]

    Final Paper is [here]

    Outline

    “Soc 985 covers the techniques, theoretical underpinnings, epistemology and aesthetics of qualitative approaches to field research. It will review established methods such as in-depth interviewing, participant observation, content analysis and visual sociology. We will also discuss practical matters such as developing a fieldwork role, recording, coding and analyzing data, and writing ethnographic reports. Finally, the class will address current debates in the field including the politics and ethics of fieldwork, reflexive ethnography, and the role of the researcher as “cultural intermediary,” “conduit for excluded voices,” social critic and “unbiased recorder.” During the semester, each student will review exemplary qualitative studies and work on his or her own field research project” (Gold, 2010)

    Readings:

    Assignments:

    *Note that I use the first person because this is what “I am doing” as a student*

    Grading:

    Course Outline:

    SOME Classic Ethnographies:

    ALL CREDIT OF THIS LIST TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU

    Internet Resources for Qualitative Sociology

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    Guidelines for Reviewing an Ethnography

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    One of the best ways to learn about ethnographic research is to benefit from another person’s efforts to explore a social world. The critique exercise is intended to help you evaluate another person’s study in terms of its strengths and weakness. The following steps offer a guide.

    1. Selection. Start by selecting a good book that addresses a sociologically serious subject. This means that page-turner or sensationalist popular books (“Gang Member or Fashion Model Tells All.”) or for fans (Life of the Packers) are not the best choices. Also, dissertations are often less polished than are classic and widely cited studies.
    2. General Summary. What the book is about, its point of view, argument, etc.
    3. Writing Style and Approach. What paradigm is used? On what basis does the author attempt to convince you about the accuracy of what is being described? What methods are used? How interesting is it? Does the author use triangulation? Only interviews? Observation and interviews?
    4. Use of Theory. Does the author use no theory? Does he/she use theory in a dogmatic way or mechanical way, such that the conclusions were determined prior to the research because of the author’s ideological commitments?
    5. Representativeness and Sampling. Does the book describe a wide spectrum of various people and social types, different events? Do you think all of the data were collected in a very short period of time? Do you think the ethnographer over-sampled the good side or bad side of life? Ignored certain groups? Essentially, are you seeing a large or limited view of the social world in question?
    6. Stereotypes and Originality. Do the people seem fully human or shallow? Popular stereotypes may be too positive as well as too negative. For example, “poor people accepting their fate with dignity” is a major theme in ethnographic sociology and anthropology, one that promotes little real insight. Also, how new and unique is the book’s perspective? Is it yet another “gritty documentary” of poor folks made by a concerned liberal?
    7. Ethical Issues. How do you think the people feel about being included in such a book? Are they harmed, exploited or embarrassed? (How would you feel in their place?) Does the book cast its subjects in a negative light? On the other hand, are there ethical strengths? For example, breaking down stereotypes, telling the other side of the story, etc.? (The same book may have both strengths and weaknesses).
    8. Presentation. Quality of presentation, the book’s organization, layout, excessive corniness, artiness, etc. Is it overly literary? Dogmatic? Does it tell you more about the author than the subjects? Does it conceal information about the author and her/his research role? How convincing is the presentation? Are the conclusions consistent with evidence?
    9. Rapport. What kind of relationship existed between ethnographer and subject? None?; good relations? stiff and formal? How much does the ethnographer really know about the subjects?
    10. Connection with broader literature and topics. Does the study connect with a tradition of scholarship? Does it review relevant literature? Would it appeal to a general readership or only other specialists?
    11. Suggestions for Improvement. What would you tell the author to help him/her improve the book?

    How to View a Photograph

    ALL CREDIT OF THIS SYLLABUS AND CONTENT TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU

    Steve Gold© 2010

    The following list of questions is intended to help you focus on a single photograph so that you can put into words your reaction to and interpretation of it.

    1. Basic Information Name of Photographer, Date, Location, Title, Size.
    2. Description. Describe what you see.
    3. Technical Information: Black and White or Color, Grainy or Clear, Light or dark print, Amateur or professional looking, Perspective (wide angle, telephoto), Flat or contrasty? Is artificial light used? Any “trick” processes?
    4. Style of Image. What class of photographs does this belong to? Does this photo look like a snapshot, an advertisement, a painting, a commercial photograph, a newspaper shot, National Geographic, Vogue, an arty shot, a fashion shot ? Why?
    5. Does any text/language appear in the photograph? Describe it.
    6. Juxtaposition. How do the various elements/objects of the photo interact with each other. Do they reinforce each other (i.e. rolls royce in front of a mansion) or contradict each other (beautiful rich people on billboard, homeless in front of it), or suggest further relationships (woman holding a monkey) etc.
    7. Composition/framing. Is the photo composed in a planned or haphazard fashion? How do elements line up with each other? Does the frame leave out any key elements?
    8. Why was the photo taken? What kind of comment is being made? (I love Fido, Yosemite is beautiful, war is hell, the Canon EOS is a fantastic camera).
    9. What is the relationship between photographer and subject? How do you know?
    10. What is the emotional feel of the photo? Why do you feel that way?
    11. What is your reaction to the photo? Why?

    Research Manifesto

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    Steven J. Gold©

    “Some view social science methods simply as a series of activities to be followed in order to collect data. I disagree. I see that theory, methods, research questions, ethical issues and the researcher’s relationship to subjects as being inter-related in important ways. As such, each of these dimensions needs to be examined in relationship to the others. The research manifesto/proposal is an opportunity to consider and make explicit one’s approach to these concerns” (Gold, 2010)

    “To put it another way, during the first part of the course, we have considered a variety of contrasting styles of field research. Which one or ones do you feel is/are most helpful in directing your project? The document you produce can be considered a draft of the introduction to your paper for the class” (Gold, 2010)

    “The research manifesto/proposal is not a contract. Your outlook, theoretical orientation and approach are likely to be revised of the course of your project” (Gold, 2010)

    Guidelines for Final Paper

    ALL CREDIT OF THIS SYLLABUS AND CONTENT TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU

    Steve Gold©

    A general outline for a final paper is as follows:

    1. Introduction
      1. Defines what the paper is about, why you are interested, central questions, if any.
    2. Theoretical perspectives & Literature Review
      1. How is the topic described within social science literature? Are there debates or incomplete knowledge that your study hopes to address? Are you committed to specific paradigms or outlooks as you carry out your study? (i.e. Symbolic Interactionism, Multiracial Feminism, etc.)
    3. Methods to be used
      1. What is your research procedure? How will you contact and interact with respondents? What sampling methods will you use? Do you have a personal relationship with the topic or research subjects? If so, how does this shape your research project? Are you making any efforts to avoid biases? How do you propose to collect, record and analyze data?
      2. (Include interview guides, data management sheets, photo shooting scripts, coding instructions, etc.)
    4. Findings and Conclusions
      1. What did you discover either in terms of theory, substantive information or both? What are the implications of your findings for existing knowledge and future research or social action? (Include glossaries, path diagrams, coding schemes, typologies, photos, etc.).
    5. Reflections
      1. Given more resources and more time, how would improve your study? How did your methodological approach shape your process of discovery?

    Readings

    ALL CREDIT OF THIS SYLLABUS AND CONTENT TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU

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