Microsoft Word version of final paper [here]
As a precursor to viewing this study history, please read my Philosophy of the Syllabus Post [here]
Final Paper is [here]
Outline
- CLASS: SOCIOLOGY 985, Section 1
- TITLE: QUALITATIVE FIELD METHODS
- SEMESTER: Fall 2010
- TIME FRAME: Tuesday 12:40-3:30
- LOCATION: 218B Berkey Hall
- INSTRUCTOR: Steven Gold© PLEASE NOTE that the syllabus structure and content is property of and created by the instructor. I am NOT posting as if this were my own material. I am simply posting what I studied, when, and where. Please read my Philosophy of the Syllabus Post [here]
- Office Hours Tues. & Thurs. 10:30-11:30 and by appointment
- 517-353-6352
- e-mail: gold@msu.edu
- COURSE PHILOSOPHY: “Methods courses generally focus on the specifics of data collection and analysis. This course takes a more holistic approach. In it, we will work to integrate our theoretical orientation, relationships to respondents, ethics, and techniques of data collection and analysis into an approach that suits our purposes, fieldwork setting and goals” (Gold, 2010)
“Soc 985 covers the techniques, theoretical underpinnings, epistemology and aesthetics of qualitative approaches to field research. It will review established methods such as in-depth interviewing, participant observation, content analysis and visual sociology. We will also discuss practical matters such as developing a fieldwork role, recording, coding and analyzing data, and writing ethnographic reports. Finally, the class will address current debates in the field including the politics and ethics of fieldwork, reflexive ethnography, and the role of the researcher as “cultural intermediary,” “conduit for excluded voices,” social critic and “unbiased recorder.” During the semester, each student will review exemplary qualitative studies and work on his or her own field research project” (Gold, 2010)
Readings:
- John W Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Second Edition, Sage, 2007
- Robert M. Emerson, Rachel I. Fretz and Linda L. Shaw, Writing Ethnographic Field Notes, University of Chicago, 1995
- Monica McDermott, Working-Class White, University of California, 2006
- Howard S. Becker and Michal M. McCall (eds.), Symbolic Interaction and Cultural Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press., 1990
- Xeroxed readings available from library reserve room and SBS
- COURSE PACK
Assignments:
*Note that I use the first person because this is what “I am doing” as a student*
- Field work project
- The topic of this study must be chosen by the second week of class.
- Each week, I will engage in field research and produce field notes. These will be distributed prior to class via e-mail or ANGEL so that they can be peer reviewed for quality, detail and analytical richness by the instructor and other students.
- I must select a practical and easily accessible field site (rather than one that may be more dramatic but less available).
- Reading assignments, presentations and class discussions. Part of each weekly discussion will be devoted to the assigned readings. I will be responsible for briefly and succinctly presenting some materials each week.
- 10/5/10 Research proposal
- describes my own project’s topic and setting and
- summarizes the techniques for data collection and analysis. (Due Oct 5th)
- field notes
- field notes 1
- field notes 2: what i can tweet to athletes
- progress note: why i am changing my research plan
- another outline describing my IRB revisions
- email to the IRB describing my revisions
- progress report on research as presented to class 11/02/2010
- data
- list of players in my study [view] [edit]
- list of teams [ncaa male hoops]
- field notes
- 11/9/10 Research manifesto: justifies the approach and style of rapport to be used in my own project in terms of social theories. (Due Nov 9th).
- 11/16/10 Book review of a qualitative study. I will write a review of a book on a topic related to my own substantive or methodological interest. (Due Nov 16th).
- Oral presentation. The last two class sessions are set aside for students (me) to present their (my) research. These presentations will be organized in a manner like that of a profession meeting. As such time limits must be followed.
- 12/14/10 Research Paper
- I will prepare a paper based upon the fieldwork that I have conducted throughout the term.
- The paper should demonstrate both substantive and methodological quality.
- The paper should be written as if it were being submitted to an academic journal. (Rough draft due Nov 30th, Final draft due Dec. 14).
- I have received IRB approval. [Human Subjects Review] If I wish to use data that I collect in Soc 985 for a conference paper, journal article or to fulfill an MSU requirement (second year paper, dissertation, etc.) I am required to have approval for my project from the MSU IRB. It takes about a month to get this approval and once you apply for it, you cannot collect any data. Hence, it is not possible to apply once the course has started. If I collect data for course use only, you don’t need IRB approval. www.humanresearch.msu.edu/
Grading:
- 40% Final Paper
- 10% Field Notes
- 10% Oral Presentation
- 10% Attendance and Participation
- 10% Research Proposal
- 10% Research Manifesto
- 10% Book Review
Course Outline:
- INTRODUCTION
- Class 1, Special Meeting Time Weds Sept 1, 6 pm 106A Berkey Hall.
- Discussion of Course
- Readings: Should be completed prior to the class meeting when they are listed.
- Class 2, Tues Sept 14. No class
- Class 1, Special Meeting Time Weds Sept 1, 6 pm 106A Berkey Hall.
- BEGINNING FIELDWORK
- Class 3, Tues Sept 21. Framing Qualitative Field Methods
- Readings: Geertz “The Balinese Cockfight”; Stinchcombe “The Origins of Sociology as a Discipline;” (xerox reader); Cresswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Ch 1-3
- Class 4, Tues Sept 28.
- Readings: Cresswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Ch 4-7
- Recommended: Becker, Sociological Work; Burawoy et al. Ethnography Unbounded; Lamphere, Structuring Diversity: Ethnographic Perspectives on the New Immigration; Spradley, Participant Observation.
- Readings: Cresswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Ch 4-7
- Class 5, Tues Oct 5.
- Readings: Cresswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Ch 8-11.
- Class 3, Tues Sept 21. Framing Qualitative Field Methods
- RESEARCH PROPOSAL DUE
- EXEMPLARY ETHNOGRAPHY: Monica McDermott, Working-Class White
- Class 6, Tues Oct 12. White perspectives on race
- Readings: Monica McDermott, Working-Class White
- Class 6, Tues Oct 12. White perspectives on race
- Writing Field Notes
- Class 7, Tues Oct 19. Field Notes
- Reading: Robert M. Emerson, Rachel I. Fretz and Linda L. Shaw, Writing Ethnographic Field Notes ch. 1-4
- Class 8, Tues Oct 26. Coding Qualitative data, Writing Qualitative Research
- Reading: Robert M. Emerson, Rachel I. Fretz and Linda L. Shaw, Writing Ethnographic Field Notes ch. 5-8; “The Extended Case Method” Burawoy, from Ethnography Unbound (xerox);
- Class 7, Tues Oct 19. Field Notes
- Theory in Qualitative Research
- Class 9, Tues Nov 2. Theory in fieldwork
- Readings: Becker and McCall, Symbolic Interactionism and Cultural Studies, Chapters 1-5
- Class 10, Tues Nov 9. Case studies
- Reading: Becker and McCall, Symbolic Interactionism and Cultural Studies, Chapter 6-9
- Class 9, Tues Nov 2. Theory in fieldwork
- Research Manifesto Due
- Book Review
- Class 11 Tues Nov 16. Oral Book Reviews
- BOOK REVIEW DUE
- VISUAL SOCIOLOGY
- Class 12, Tues Nov 23. Visual Sociology
- Reading:
- Becker, “Photography and Sociology;”
- Gold, “Ethics and Visual Fieldwork;”
- Gold “Ethnic Boundaries and Ethnic Entrepreneurship;
- Gold “Using Photography in Studies of Immigrant Communities: Reflecting Across Projects and Populations” pp. 141-166 in Gregory C. Stanczak (ed.) Visual Research Methods: Image, Society and Representation. Los Angeles: Sage, 2007;
- Suchar “Grounding Visual Sociology Research in Shooting Scripts”(all in xerox reader)
- Recommended: Collier and Collier, Visual Anthropology; Harper, Good Company; Working Knowledge; Goffman, Gender Advertisements; Kelley and Friedlander, Irangeles; Su Braden, Committing Photography; Chaplin, Sociology and Visual Representation, Vergara, New American Ghetto; Harper, Changing Works.
- Reading:
- Class 12, Tues Nov 23. Visual Sociology
- REPORTS
- Class 13, Nov 30. Reports I
- FIRST DRAFT OF FINAL PAPER DUE
- Class 14, Dec 7. Reports II. Last Day of Class
- Draft Returned
- REVISED FINAL PAPER DUE December 14
SOME Classic Ethnographies:
ALL CREDIT OF THIS LIST TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU
- Harvey, Adia’ Doing Business with Beauty: Black Women, Hair Salons, and the Racial Enclave Economy, Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette, Doméstica : immigrant workers cleaning and caring in the shadows of affluence.
- Valentine, Bettylou, 1978 Hustling and Other Hard Work.
- Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi, Off the Books: The Underground Economy of the Urban Poor
- Zhou, Min, and Carl Bankston, III, Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States.
- Zlolniski, Christian, Janitors, Street Vendors, and Activists: The Lives of Mexican Immigrants in Silicon Valley.
- Wilson, William Julius and Richard P. Taub, There Goes the Neighborhood
- Katz, Jack, Seductions of Crime.
- David Snow and Leon Anderson — Down on their Luck — Homelessness
- John Ogbu — The Next Generation — Race and Mobility
- Diego Vigil — Barrio Gangs
- William F. Whyte — Street Corner Society — Ethnic Community
- Ilsoo Kim — New Urban Immigrants: Koreans in New York
- Drake and Cayton — Black Metropolis — Black Chicago
- William Kornblum — Blue Collar Community
- Elliot Liebow — Tally’s Corner — Black Men
- Durnier — Slim’s Table — Black Men
- Kibria — Family Tightrope — Vietnamese Refugee Families
- Howard Becker et al. — Boys in White — Medical School
- Howard Becker — Outsiders — Deviance
- Micaela DeLeonardo — Varieties of the Ethnic Experience –Italian American Women
- Moshe Shokeid — Children of Circumstances — Israelis In New York
- Fran Markowitz — Community in Spite of Itself — Soviet Jews in New York
- Lillian Rubin — Worlds of Pain — Working class families
- Marcia Millman — The Unkindest Cut — Medical Mistakes
- Charles Bosk — Forgive and Remember — Surgical Training
- Gold — Refugee Communities — Soviet Jewish and Vietnamese Refugees
- Hondagneu-Sotelo — Gendered Transitions– Mexican Immigration
- Stember — Black Gods of the Metropolis — Black Churches
- Grasmuck and Pessar — Between Two Islands — Dominican Immigration
- Hochschild — Unexpected Community — Aging
- Wiseman — Stations of the Lost — Skid Row
- Harper — Good Company — Railroad Tramps
- Harper — Working Knowledge — A Rural Repair Shop
- Freeman — Hearts of Sorrow — Vietnamese Refugees
- Stacey — Brave New Families — Women in Silicon Valley
- Foster — Tzintzuntzan — A Mexican Community
- Abner Cohen — Custom and Politics in Urban Africa — Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship in Nigeria
- Humphreys — Tearoom Trade — Impersonal Sex in Public Places
- Suttles — Streetcorner Society — Working class Life in Chicago
- Eli Anderson — A Place on the Corner — Race and Community
- Gans — Urban Villagers — Italian American Community
- Lynd & Lynd — Middletown — Small Town Life (pre-depression)
- Bellah et al. — Habits of the Heart — Commitment and Community in American Life
- Patricia Adler — Wheeling and Dealing — Drug Culture
- Reider, Jonathan — Canarsie — Urban White Ideologies
- Carol Stack — All Our Kin — Poverty and community
- Kasinitz — Carribbean New York – Ethnic Community and Politics
- Fordham — Blacked Out — Race and Education
- Willis — Learning to Labor — Class Reproduction
- Yoon — On My Own — Korean Businesses
- Min — Caught in the Middle — Korean Businesses
- Oxfeld — Blood, Sweat and Mahjong — Transnational Chinese
- Lamont — Money, Morals and Manners — French & US Middle Class
- Waters – Black Identities – Race and Migration
- Hondagneu-Sotelo — Domestica — Latina nannies in LA
- Levitt — Transnational Villagers — Dominican Migration
- Lamont — The Dignity of Working Men — Race, Class, Gender and Identity in the US and France
- Rangaswamy — Namasté America — Indian Immigrants in Chicago
- Yang — Chinese Christians in America
- Waquant – Body and Soul, Boxing, the Body and Race
- Gold – Israeli Diaspora
- Lareau, Annette. Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life
- Lee, Jennifer Civility in the City: Blacks, Jews, and Koreans in Urban America
Louie, Andrea Chineseness Across Borders: Renegotiating Chinese Identities in China and in the U.S. - Chin, Margaret M., Sewing Women, Columbia UP, 2005. – Chinese, Koreans and Latino/as in NY Garment Industry
- George, Sheba, When Women Come First, U California P, 2005. – Indian Nurses and their Families in the US
- Purkayastha, Bandana. Negotiating Ethnicity: Second Generation South Asian Americans Traverses a Transnational World, Rutgers, 2005
- Sayad, Abdelmalek, The Suffering of the Immigrant, Polity, 2004. – N. Africans in France
- Smith, Robert C., Mexican New York, U California P, 2006.
Internet Resources for Qualitative Sociology
ALL CREDIT OF THIS LIST TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU
- Qualitative Links:
- Visual Anthropology
- Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction Home Page:
- The Theory Page:
- ASA Urban & Community Section
- Societe Francaise de l’Anthropologie Visuelle
- AG Visuelle Anthropologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Völkerkunde
- Laboratory for Visual Anthropology
- Social Capital Library
Guidelines for Reviewing an Ethnography
ALL CREDIT OF THIS SYLLABUS AND CONTENT TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU
One of the best ways to learn about ethnographic research is to benefit from another person’s efforts to explore a social world. The critique exercise is intended to help you evaluate another person’s study in terms of its strengths and weakness. The following steps offer a guide.
- Selection. Start by selecting a good book that addresses a sociologically serious subject. This means that page-turner or sensationalist popular books (“Gang Member or Fashion Model Tells All.”) or for fans (Life of the Packers) are not the best choices. Also, dissertations are often less polished than are classic and widely cited studies.
- General Summary. What the book is about, its point of view, argument, etc.
- Writing Style and Approach. What paradigm is used? On what basis does the author attempt to convince you about the accuracy of what is being described? What methods are used? How interesting is it? Does the author use triangulation? Only interviews? Observation and interviews?
- Use of Theory. Does the author use no theory? Does he/she use theory in a dogmatic way or mechanical way, such that the conclusions were determined prior to the research because of the author’s ideological commitments?
- Representativeness and Sampling. Does the book describe a wide spectrum of various people and social types, different events? Do you think all of the data were collected in a very short period of time? Do you think the ethnographer over-sampled the good side or bad side of life? Ignored certain groups? Essentially, are you seeing a large or limited view of the social world in question?
- Stereotypes and Originality. Do the people seem fully human or shallow? Popular stereotypes may be too positive as well as too negative. For example, “poor people accepting their fate with dignity” is a major theme in ethnographic sociology and anthropology, one that promotes little real insight. Also, how new and unique is the book’s perspective? Is it yet another “gritty documentary” of poor folks made by a concerned liberal?
- Ethical Issues. How do you think the people feel about being included in such a book? Are they harmed, exploited or embarrassed? (How would you feel in their place?) Does the book cast its subjects in a negative light? On the other hand, are there ethical strengths? For example, breaking down stereotypes, telling the other side of the story, etc.? (The same book may have both strengths and weaknesses).
- Presentation. Quality of presentation, the book’s organization, layout, excessive corniness, artiness, etc. Is it overly literary? Dogmatic? Does it tell you more about the author than the subjects? Does it conceal information about the author and her/his research role? How convincing is the presentation? Are the conclusions consistent with evidence?
- Rapport. What kind of relationship existed between ethnographer and subject? None?; good relations? stiff and formal? How much does the ethnographer really know about the subjects?
- Connection with broader literature and topics. Does the study connect with a tradition of scholarship? Does it review relevant literature? Would it appeal to a general readership or only other specialists?
- Suggestions for Improvement. What would you tell the author to help him/her improve the book?
How to View a Photograph
ALL CREDIT OF THIS SYLLABUS AND CONTENT TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU
Steve Gold© 2010
The following list of questions is intended to help you focus on a single photograph so that you can put into words your reaction to and interpretation of it.
- Basic Information Name of Photographer, Date, Location, Title, Size.
- Description. Describe what you see.
- Technical Information: Black and White or Color, Grainy or Clear, Light or dark print, Amateur or professional looking, Perspective (wide angle, telephoto), Flat or contrasty? Is artificial light used? Any “trick” processes?
- Style of Image. What class of photographs does this belong to? Does this photo look like a snapshot, an advertisement, a painting, a commercial photograph, a newspaper shot, National Geographic, Vogue, an arty shot, a fashion shot ? Why?
- Does any text/language appear in the photograph? Describe it.
- Juxtaposition. How do the various elements/objects of the photo interact with each other. Do they reinforce each other (i.e. rolls royce in front of a mansion) or contradict each other (beautiful rich people on billboard, homeless in front of it), or suggest further relationships (woman holding a monkey) etc.
- Composition/framing. Is the photo composed in a planned or haphazard fashion? How do elements line up with each other? Does the frame leave out any key elements?
- Why was the photo taken? What kind of comment is being made? (I love Fido, Yosemite is beautiful, war is hell, the Canon EOS is a fantastic camera).
- What is the relationship between photographer and subject? How do you know?
- What is the emotional feel of the photo? Why do you feel that way?
- What is your reaction to the photo? Why?
Research Manifesto
ALL CREDIT OF THIS SYLLABUS AND CONTENT TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU
Steven J. Gold©
“Some view social science methods simply as a series of activities to be followed in order to collect data. I disagree. I see that theory, methods, research questions, ethical issues and the researcher’s relationship to subjects as being inter-related in important ways. As such, each of these dimensions needs to be examined in relationship to the others. The research manifesto/proposal is an opportunity to consider and make explicit one’s approach to these concerns” (Gold, 2010)
“To put it another way, during the first part of the course, we have considered a variety of contrasting styles of field research. Which one or ones do you feel is/are most helpful in directing your project? The document you produce can be considered a draft of the introduction to your paper for the class” (Gold, 2010)
“The research manifesto/proposal is not a contract. Your outlook, theoretical orientation and approach are likely to be revised of the course of your project” (Gold, 2010)
Guidelines for Final Paper
ALL CREDIT OF THIS SYLLABUS AND CONTENT TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU
Steve Gold©
A general outline for a final paper is as follows:
- Introduction
- Defines what the paper is about, why you are interested, central questions, if any.
- Theoretical perspectives & Literature Review
- How is the topic described within social science literature? Are there debates or incomplete knowledge that your study hopes to address? Are you committed to specific paradigms or outlooks as you carry out your study? (i.e. Symbolic Interactionism, Multiracial Feminism, etc.)
- Methods to be used
- What is your research procedure? How will you contact and interact with respondents? What sampling methods will you use? Do you have a personal relationship with the topic or research subjects? If so, how does this shape your research project? Are you making any efforts to avoid biases? How do you propose to collect, record and analyze data?
- (Include interview guides, data management sheets, photo shooting scripts, coding instructions, etc.)
- Findings and Conclusions
- What did you discover either in terms of theory, substantive information or both? What are the implications of your findings for existing knowledge and future research or social action? (Include glossaries, path diagrams, coding schemes, typologies, photos, etc.).
- Reflections
- Given more resources and more time, how would improve your study? How did your methodological approach shape your process of discovery?
Readings
ALL CREDIT OF THIS SYLLABUS AND CONTENT TO DR. STEVE GOLD, MSU
- Clifford Geertz “Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight” pp. 412-453 in The Interpretations of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
- Arthur L. Stinchcombe “The Origins of Sociology as a Discipline;” Acta Sociologica 27 (1): 51-61. 1984
- Burawoy, Michael et al.1991 “The Extended Case Method” pp. 271-287 in Ethnography Unbound: Power and Resistance in the Modern Metropolis Berkeley: University of California Press
- Howard S. Becker, “Photography and Sociology” Studies in the Anthropology of Visual Communications 1:3-26, 1974
- Steven J. Gold, “Ethical Issues in Visual Fieldwork” pp. 99-109 in Grant Blank, James L. McCartney and Edward Brent (eds.) New Technology in Sociology: Practical Applications in Research and Work. New Brunswick: Transaction. 1989
- Steven J. Gold “Ethnic Boundaries and Ethnic Entrepreneurship: A Photo-Elicitation Study” Visual Sociology 6(2): 9-22, 1991.
- Steven J. Gold “Using Photography in Studies of Immigrant Communities: Reflecting Across Projects and Populations” pp. 141-166 in Gregory C. Stanczak (ed.) Visual Research Methods: Image, Society and Representation. Los Angeles: Sage, 2007.
- Charles S. Suchar “Grounding Visual Sociology in Shooting Scripts” Qualitative Sociology 20 (1):33-55, 1997


